The third population of the globe has signs of hypertension. Hypertension pressure causes stenosis and vascular damage, and sometimes hemorrhagic heart attack. Therefore, even healthy people are extremely important to know what pressure is, what affects it, what indicators can be considered a norm, which numbers on the tonometer should serve as a signal for the onset of treatment.
The essence of concept
The blood pressure is due to its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. Pressure indicators are directly dependent on several factors:
- vascular elasticity;
- cardiac contractions;
- The volume of blood is pumped with a heart for a period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is common to write in the form of a relationship in which:
- The upper figure, large - systolic pressure (with heart contraction);
- The lower figure, less - diastolic pressure (between cardiac contractions).
Blood pressure can change - with a change in body position, during exercise, with nervous surge, at rest or after eating. If a person does not experience health problems, pressure stabilizes after a short time. In hypertension, its enlarged indicators have been retained for a long time. In hypertensive patients, sudden fluctuations in blood pressure are observed. Normally after sleep, after eating it can be increased and then reduced. Evening pressure indicators usually exceed the morning and sometimes decrease sharply at night.
Analyzing blood pressure indicators, more value is usually attached to the above number. Increased systolic pressure is that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are over 50 years old. In most people, it has increased over the years to make the main arteries lose their elasticity and expose atherosclerotic plaques.
Norm and pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on age, surrounding conditions, accompanying pathologies and even the time of day. But there are medical medical indicators. After finding out what pressure the patient has, the doctor determines - hypertension is or a variant of the norm.
Blood pressure in patients over 18 years of age
| Pressure | Indicators, mm Hg. Art. | Indicators, mm Hg. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic | Diastolic | |
| Optimal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Normally | Up to 130 | Up to 85 |
| Usually | Up to 140 | Up to 90 |
| 1 degree of hypertension | Up to 160 | Up to 100 |
| 2 degree of hypertension | Until 180 | Up to 110 |
| 3 degree of hypertension | Over 180 | Over 110 |
| Systolic hypertension | Over 180 | Less than 110 |
Systematic pressure control will help to avoid serious effects of hypertension, as pathological changes in the indicators will be monitored in a timely manner.
Reasons for deviation from the norm
Blood pressure never changes without cause. Its fluctuations can be caused by diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, genitological system, traumatic brain injuries. But not always the factors that provoke the change are due to pathologies. The growth of blood pressure indicators often occurs due to:
- allergic reactions;
- stressful situations;
- hormonal damage;
- smoking;
- alcohol abuse;
- meteorological dependence;
- Taking some medicines;
- fatigue;
- dehydration;
- eating fatty foods;
- excessive amount of salt consumed;
- Hypodynamia or, on the contrary, a physical strain.
The reason for the increase in pressure may be changes in the age in the body and hereditary predisposition.
Clinical manifestations
Increased blood pressure is very noticeable. The visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
- Acute headache (usually in temples and back of the head), often accompanied by vomiting reflexes;
- skin redness (sometimes vessels appear);
- The pronounced weakness, tinnitus flies before the eyes;
- redness of eye proteins (sometimes disturbance of visual acuity);
- dyspnoea;
- pain behind the sternum;
- chills;
- insomnia;
- heart heart rate;
- Increased sweating.
In the presence of such symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is a dangerous asymptomatic. One sometimes doesn't even think about the fact that there may be increased pressure.
With increased pressure in the diet, it is necessary to include products that can effectively break down fat and prevent thrombosis.
Diagnosis of Changes
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure pressure during examinations. If it is higher than normal, the doctor prescribes additional tests. High indicators at one time do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if increased indicators are observed in several consecutive examinations, and if they are saved after three months of compliance with the doctor's instructions to adjust the lifestyle.
Self -diagnosis
Without a medical device, it is impossible to accurately determine the pressure indicators, but the presence of negative changes can be taken by the pulse. By applying the ring and the index finger to the carbon artery, the number of turns of the heart must be calculated in 30 seconds and multiply the resulting figure by two (the number of blows per minute). The pulse equal to 60-80 photos is considered normal. With increased pressure, the heart rate is felt without difficulty. If there is a heart rate monitor, you can use it.
Tonometer
Different types of tonomotra are used to accurately measure blood pressure. The structures of the device are distinguished by the principle of action. Mercury tonomotra were replaced by pneumatic and then electronic devices. The latter can easily use any person who does not even have a medical education. They are characterized by compactness, accuracy and ease of use.
Usually such tonometers show not only systolic and diastolic pressure indicators, but also the heart rate. At the same time, previous measurements are "remembered" by which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each particular patient.
Arimic
Blood pressure measurement should be approached with maximum care. This applies to both specialists and patients themselves who independently monitor the pressure level. There are certain rules:
- On the day before the measurement, you must abandon tonic drinks and smoking;
- On the day of the measurement you should not use eye drops and nasis;
- Measure the pressure half an hour after meals;
- Before applying the Tonometer cuff, the patient must take a comfortable position by placing a calm hand on a flat hard surface;
- The cuff should be placed in the middle of the shoulder. Its edge should be 2, 5 cm from deepening the elbow. Air pipes must lie on the midline of the shoulder;
- Between the cuff located at the same level with the heart, and the shoulder must be left with the gap in which the finger is placed;
- Absolute calm should be maintained during the tonometer surgery.
First, experts recommend that you measure the pressure on both hands, and then only the one that "gives" the highest performance. If the measurement is carried out outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is advised to make an "accounting" notebook and to enter the day, time and measurements. How often to make measurements, the doctor determines.
Possibilities
High blood pressure with hypertension is filled with hypertensive crises - sudden jumps on indicators for critical. Such conditions cause a sharp dilation of the blood vessels that can break. Hypertension is distinguished in a series of consequences:
- eye problems (reduction of visual acuity, hemorrhage);
- renal damage;
- Ischemia of the heart;
- heart failure;
- Angina pectoris;
- stroke;
- heart attack;
- impotence;
- swelling of light and brain;
- Death.
At the risk of exfoliation of aorta aneurysm, it is recommended to remove the pressure as quickly as possible. And with brain disorders, this should be done without hurrying, otherwise they will get worse.
High blood pressure often causes damage and even the death of the patient.
Home reaction
With the hypertensive crisis (the above pressure above 200 mm Hg), you should urgently call an ambulance team and begin to take measures to eliminate the symptoms before arriving. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.
Warning measures
If signs of high pressure occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headache, nausea, weakness can occur for other reasons. If the pressure really increases this follows:
- Provide peace, dimming and silence (including at work);
- Provide access to clean air;
- to lie down, lifting your head (at work, if there is no way, sit comfortably);
- Do breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing focused on exhalation);
- Massage the area and head of the collar (it is desirable for relatives or friends to do this);
- Drink diuretic broth (parsley, linguries, green or kidney tea, a learning).
Such measures slowly reduce pressure and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they do not help, you should contact a cardiologist.
Quick effect
Patients with an active lifestyle are often faced with the problem of rapid pressure reduction. Medicines with drugs can do this, but they should be used carefully - to avoid overdose, too quickly reduced pressure and other complications. The attending physician should prescribe medication. Pressure quickly and safely reduces pressure will help:
- peace;
- Cooling compress on the head;
- Warm limb baths (not hot! ). You can use a container of water or a heating pad, mustard;
- Fitohey meter (valerian, mothers, chamomile, mint, lemon balm).
In the absence of the expected effect, the measures listed are supplemented with medicines.
Homemade first set
With regular problems with the pressure in the composition of the cabinet for home medicine, you should always be special medicines.
The lack of drugs with drugs can be offset by the use of a "permanent" medicine, but its effect will only be noticeable in an hour or two after administration. Acceptance of pharmaceuticals, follows:
- Use only the funds prescribed by the doctor;
- Do not mix medication;
- They dissolve the Emergency Aid tablets and do not swallow;
- Take the medicine to lie (after taking, stay horizontally for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you should get slow.
When taking pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.
Inevitable restrictions
With high pressure, in order to avoid the development of negative effects, it is necessary to observe yourself at certain restrictions:
- Avoid increased physical activity within 24 hours of stabilization;
- Avoid psycho -emotional overloads, with the inevitable emergence of stressful situations, take sedatives;
- Refuse alcohol containing caffeine drinks and smoking.
It should be excluded from the fat diet and too salty foods (smoked meats, canned food - inclusive). After normalizing the pressure for several days, the amount of fluid consumed must be limited.
The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of increased pressure as well as the phases of the pathological process. Combined and monotherapy may be used. After in -depth diagnosis and prescription of medicines, the cardiologist will make recommendations for maintaining pressure under normal, as well as for measures that are needed when there is a sharp increase.